Biological Sciences of Kazakhstan 2022 №1

Summary

E.E. Ikromov

E.F. Ikromov

A.E. Kuchboev

O.O. Amirov

10.52301/1684-940X-2022-1-8-13

NEW SPECIES OF TREMATODE METACERCARIAE (ECHINOSTOMATIDAE AND DIPLOSTOMATIDAE) FROM THE LAKE FROG FOR THE FAUNA OF UZBEKISTAN

Amphibians are widely involved as intermediate, definitive, and reservoir hosts in the circulation of many parasite species. The work is based on the material of the parasitological study of amphibians, collected on the territory of the Namangan region of Uzbekistan in 2019-2021. A total of 674 lake frogs (Pelophylax ridibunda) were uncovered. Two species of metacercariae of the trematode Echinostoma sp. and Tylodelphys clavata in the lake frog, the first recorded for the fauna of Uzbekistan. The abundance index of T. clavata (3.8 specimens) is higher than that of Echinostoma sp. (2.2 copies). For each species, the systematic position, range of hosts, localization, and data on the extent and intensity of invasion, place of discovery and description are indicated. At the same time, amphibians have been established as intermediate hosts for both types of trematodes. According to the comparative morpho-anatomical analyzes, it can be assumed that the smaller size of metacercariae is associated with the environmental conditions of the habitats of the hosts.

Key words: metacercariae, Echinostoma, Tylodelphys, eye cavity, spinal canal, Uzbekistan.

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P.A. Esenbekova
A.Zh. Berdenkulova
Sh.R. Baynazarov
P.Zh. Nagashybayeva

10.52301/1684-940X-2022-1-14-23

Diversity of hemiptera of the infraorder Cimicomorpha I of the Barsakelmes State National Reserve

The article presents the results of research conducted by the authors on the territory of the Barsakelmessky State Nature Reserve in 2020-2021. The research works are devoted to the fauna, biology and ecology of the semiptera of the infra-order Cimicomorpha on the territory of the reserve. As a result of the research, 22 species from 4 families belonging to the infraorder Cimicomorpha I were identified. Of these, there are 6 species from the Tingidae family, 5 species from the Nabidae family, 4 species from the Anthocoridae family, and 7 species from the Reduviidae family.The hemiptera of the infraorder Cimicomorpha I, depending on the habitat, are divided into eurytope, epigeobiont, herpetobiont, herpeto-hortobiont, hortobiont, tamno-hortobiont, dendrobiont.Hemiptera in the study area are divided into xerophiles (9 species), meso-xerophiles (4 species) mesophiles (9 species) according to ecological features. According to food relations, predators (16 species) and herbivorous species (6 species) are distinguished among these bedbugs. Seasonal development of hemiptera is heterodynamic. According to the number of generations per year, the hemiptera of the studied territory can be divided into several groups: 1) monovoltine (9 species), 2) bivoltine (5 species), 3) having 2-3 generations per year (6 species), the number of development of 2 species is unknown. Hemiptera of the infraorder Cimicomorpha I overwinter at different stages of development. 18 species hibernate in the imago stage, 2 species in the egg stage, 2 species in the larval stage. The hemiptera of the infraorder Cimicomorpha I of the Barsakelmes State Nature Reserve is divided into 14 zoogeographic distribution zones.

Key words: Cimicomorpha, hemiptera, Barsakelmes State Nature Reserve.

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A.K. Taskarin

A.B. Kaliyeva

M.O. Kabdolla

A.A. Bitkeeva

Z.M. Sergazinova

10.52301/1684-940X-2022-1-24-31

Analysis of the status of production and consumption waste collection at the KazEcoProm LLP landfill

This article presents an analysis of waste collection at the landfill of municipal solid waste (hereinafter - MSW) LLP "KazEcoProm", located in the north - east of Kazakhstan, in one of the industrial centres of the country in the city of Pavlodar. In addition, in the Pavlodar region there are about one thousand industrial enterprises generating municipal solid waste. In the paper, the analysis of the amount of production and consumption waste generated by industrial processes and life processes that arrive at the landfill. The analysis considered the types of waste entering the landfill: volumes of municipal solid waste, construction and ash and slag waste. It also provided for the implementation of landfill activities in accordance with sanitary requirements. The implementation of activities of the landfill that meet the sanitary requirements is also analysed. The work reflects the conditions of accumulation and disposal of waste: the volume of accumulated waste and the design capacity of the landfill as of July 1, 2020 is compared, the annual volume of waste produced in 2020-2023, the amount of their storage and sorting are given. The data obtained can be used in determining compliance with waste storage and collection standards as well as sanitary regulations at landfills.

Key words: landfi ll, solid household waste, ash and slag waste, construction waste, formation, accumulation and disposal of waste.

S.Zh. Kabiyeva
D.K. Zhekenayeva
A.A. Shamkhiyeva

10.52301/1684-940X-2022-1-32-41

The state of health of first-year students of a Pedagogical University

The article presents the results of assessing the health status of students of a pedagogical university who studied in the first year. A total of 197 students were examined, including 54 boys and 143 girls aged 18 years. Standard generally accepted methods for studying anthropometric indicators were used, flatfoot was diagnosed, the presence of various diseases was assessed using a survey, and the degree of personal anxiety was assessed using the technique of Ch. Spielberger and Yu.L. Khanin. It is shown that the anthropometric indicators of students were within the age-sex norm, no significant gender differences were found. However, it was determined that among girls there is a higher percentage of underweight people compared to boys. Evaluation of the results of the plantogram study revealed that 24% of boys and 25.2% of girls have a deformity in the form of a flat foot of the 1st degree, 2-3 degrees - 4% and 5.5% of the students, respectively. It has been established that 54% of the students surveyed have various health problems, among which allergic reactions to various factors predominate (28%), to a large extent to household chemicals (64% of boys and 68% of girls). The results of the survey of personal anxiety demonstrated that girls had a higher level of anxiety (by 12%) compared to boys.

Keywords: students of a pedagogical university, physical development, mental development, health, personal anxiety, flat feet, allergic reactions

T.E. Zhakypova B.A Baydalinova B.Zh.Baymurzina B.S. Kenzhebayeva Zh.A. Shamshatova

10.52301/1684-940X-2022-1-42-46

Formation of students' research competencies in biology lessons

This paper highlights the problem faced by many teachers, i.e. formation of students' research competence in biology class.Children from early childhood are interested in the world, they want to know, study and learn about the world around them, but over time this interest begins to decline when children enter adolescence.The subject of general biology is based on research work.During the research work, students' attitude to knowledge is formed, knowledge is considered not as an assessment, but as the information they need and as a decisive means to the problem that has arisen in front of them. This forces them to move forward to gain knowledge and increase their activity.

The most important criterion for organizing research work is the student's interest and motivation.Through research, the potential abilities of the student are revealed, developed, and the property of curiosity is formed.

Keywords: competence, research, cognition, formation, education, qualification.