Biological Sciences of Kazakhstan 2021 №4

Summary

А.Sh. Kydyrmoldina
B.A. Zhetpisbayev
A.M. Utegenova
E.K. Omarkhanova
M.M. Malik
S.S. Tyrzhanova
L.A. Oberkulova

DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-8-15

Change of immunological resistance and biochemical processes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in action stress

The aim of the study was to study changes in immunological reactivity and biochemical processes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in Pakistani students under the action of muscle stress.

To achieve this goal, the states of the immune, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems and energy metabolism were studied in 30 students from South Asia under the influence of muscle stress. The state of cellular, humoral and nonspecific phagocytic immunity was determined in all students before and 1, 2 and 3 days after the stress of muscle load.

The research results show that the state of the immune system after muscle stress was characterized by phase changes in the parameters of cellular, humoral and nonspecific phagocytic immunity with a restoration or increase in indicators at the end of the observation.  An increase in the activity of enzymes of energy metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes after stress of muscular load on days 2 and 3 after ensures the processes of successful adaptation. The state of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in peripheral blood lymphocytes under muscle stress reflects the stress of the organism's adaptive reactions with the development of lipid hyperperoxidation under conditions of increased energy costs.

Key words: immune system, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, phagocytosis, energy metabolism, muscle load, stress, adaptation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system.

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K. M. Aubakirova
M. S. Kulataeva
М. Zh. Satkanov
Z. A. Alikulov

 DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-16-22

Аquaponics facilities contain contains plant and fish components together in one recirculation system. The fish water, rich in nutrients, is used for plant growth, while the plants are used as biofilters for water regeneration.

Key words: aquaponics installation, aquaculture, hydroponics, recycling ecosyst

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 Zh.R. Kabdolov
K.M. Tursunkhanov
B.S. Aubakirov
O.I. Kirichenko
A.M. Kasymkhanov
I.V. Pritykin
A.S. Nukenov

 DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-23-31

Recommendations on the state of the sturgeon population of the irtysh river and its optimal extraction from the natural environment for reproduction

The results of studying the current state of the Siberian sturgeon population, clarifying the range of its distribution, the number and size-age groups in various sections of the Irtysh River are presented. Preliminary recommendations are given on the possibility of obtaining a small part of the population for the purpose of artificial reproduction.

Ecological monitoring was carried out by the route-expedition method, by examining the Yertis River and the estuary areas of large flowing tributaries and reservoirs for the presence and distribution area of rare fish species. The work uses materials of research reports on the program 037 "State accounting and cadastre of fish resources" for 2004-14, data from the archives of Kazniirh LLP.When conducting research, we were guided by the provisions of Normative and methodological documentation.

The research is funded by the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant no. BR10264205)

Key words: biodiversity, distribution, abundance, artificial reproduction, recommendations.

 Belyy D.G. Meka-Mechenko V.G.. Niyazaliyev K.K.. Nurbayev K.T.. Sadovskaya V.P.. Sayakova Z.Z.

 DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-77-87

The current state of the rodental fauna in the Moyinkumdesert plague focus

The epizootic plague situation that developed in 2020 on the territory of the Moyinkum desert plague focus, where the course of plague epizootics among mammals has been observed for more than 40 years, is a potential threat of an epidemic of this infection among the population.Taking into account the fact that during the study of rodents for plague in the spring and autumn of 2015, a plague epizootic was detected, both by bacteriological and serological methods in the ShynyrauKudyk mark, in the territory intensively used by the population living in the Moyinkum desert plague focus. In 2021 investigations was carried out on the main and secondary plague hosts in the Southern Pre-Valley landscape-epizootic region, on an area of5300 km². Rodents number counts, both as major and so and secondary hosts showed that in the spring and autumn of 2021, the number of them and their natural enemies (predatory animals) was in a low gradation.

Key words: great gerbil, midday jird, libyanjird, tamarisk jird, Small Five-toed Jerboa, yellow ground squirrel

A.E. Kuchboev

B.B. Soatov

DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-32-46

Fish helminths in reservoirs of the Zarafshan river

The results of the study of the helminth fauna of 8 species fish of the lower reaches reservoirs of the Zarafshan River are presented - carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus), oriental bream (Abramis brama), pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), pike (Esox lucius), Turkestan barbel (Barbus capito conocephalus). 27 species of helminths were identified, including 12 species of cestodes (Caryophyllaeus laticeps Pallas, 1781; Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps Annenkova - Chlopina, 1919; Biacetabulum appendiculatum Szidat, 1937; Khawia sinensis Hsu, 1935; Bathybothrium rectangulum Bloch, 1782; Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1934; Ligula intestinalis Linnaeus, 1758 larvae; Digramma interupta Rudolphi, 1810 larvae; Proteocephalus torulosus Batsch, 1786; Neogryporhynchus cheilanoristrotus Wedl, 1855 larvae; Gryporhynchus pusillus von Nordman, 1832 larvae; Valipora campylancristrota Rudolphi, 1819 larvae), 5 species of trematodes (Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905; Orientocreadium siluri Bychowsky et Dubinina, 1954; Allocreadium isoporum Looss, 1894; Diplostomum spathaceum Rudolvae, 1819 larvae; Tylodelphys clavata Nordman, 1832 larvae); 8 species of nematodes (Dioctophyme renale Goeze, 1782 larvae; Rhabdochona denudata Dujardin, 1845; Desmidocercella numidica Seurat, 1920 larvae; Camallanus truncatus Rudolphi, 1814; Camallanus lacustris Zoega, 1776; Philometra ovata Zeder, 1803; Gnathostomata hispidum Fedtschenko, 1872 larvae; Raphidascaris acus Bloch, 1779 larvae) and 2 species of acanthocephalus (Pomphorhynchus laevis Muller, 1776; Acantocephalus lucii Muller, 1776).

Keywords: fish, helminths, Zarafshan, pond.

Zh.A. Shamshatova

B.A. Baidalinova

B.Zh. Baymurzina

B.S. Kenzhebaeva

    T.E. Zhakypova

 DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-47-53

 Studying the use of innovative technologies in biology lessons

In this article we have focused on the types of innovative technologies used in biology, their importance and effectiveness. Due to the fact that the education system is continuously developing, without ceasing, the education system is moving from traditional to innovative. To become one of the 30 developed countries, it is important to educate a comprehensive generation, to educate a qualified educated specialist. The use of new innovative technologies in education is a requirement of modernity. Every teacher wants to diversify their lesson. After all, the use of modern innovative technologies is the key to improving the quality of education. Today, using innovative teaching methods, the main goal is to increase the student's abilities, instill interest in the subject, develop his curiosity, and form competencies. Today it is important that the student is not only educated, but also comprehensive, inquisitive, and the teacher is guided not only by knowledge, but also by skills.

Key words: innovation, biology, research, methodology, student, teacher, qualified, knowledgeable.

E.O. Kozhakhmetova

A.A. Charmukhametova

 DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-54-61 

 Ways to develop students ' synthesis skills using creative task

s

The article presents the experience and ways for the teacher to solve the problem that have risen as a result of the low level of interpretation, analysis and synthesis skills. During the school year, the biology lesson tells about the effectiveness of using creativity tasks in the development of students’ synthesis skills. The expected results of the study and research methods are determined. Teachers present their research on the development of creativity in a student, as well as their opinion, giving examples from tasks that teachers have used in their practices by analyzing a variety of literature. In the experimental part, the result of educational activity is summarized with an example. As a result of the research creativity task have identified and justified the positive influence on the development of synthesis skills. The weak and effective sides of the research work are revealed.

Keywords: levels of creativity, analysis, synthesis, influencing factors, tasks on creativity.

E.E. Kirik

V.N. Aliyasova

T.A. Graf

DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-62-69 

T.Zh. Shakenova

Sh.Sh. Khamzina

DOI: 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-4-70-76

Functional literacy of students in the process of teaching natural science subjects

The article considers the development of functional literacy of students using the technology of project activities in biology lessons. Design activity is one of the most effective educational technologies of a modern school. This is a purposeful, independent activity of students under the guidance of a teacher. The latter creates a positive emotional atmosphere for all students while working on the project, organizing an equal partnership of trusting communication.

Currently, preparing students for life is one of the leading priorities in the development of functional literacy. A broader interpretation of the concept of "functional literacy" is associated with the consideration of education as a creative factor, the driving force behind the socio-economic, cultural progress of society.

The current understanding of learning outcomes goes beyond the usual list of knowledge, skills and abilities associated with teaching a subject. Educational results are the end product of the process of teaching students at school and testify to qualitative changes in the personality of the student and are manifested in his behavior, interaction with the social environment.

Functional literacy is defined as the ability of an individual to function normally in the system of social relations based on knowledge, skills and abilities, to adapt as quickly as possible in a specific cultural environment.

Key words: functional literacy, students, subject, competence, direction.