Biological Sciences of Kazakhstan 2021 №3

Summary

B.Zh. Baymurzina, N.E. Tarasovskaya, Z.M. Khasanova, L.A. Khasanova

10.52301/1684-940X-2021-3-8-15 

Wild plants of Pavlodar region as potential sugar substitutes

The northern regions of Kazakhstan, including the Pavlodar region, are distinguished by a rich and diverse nature, combining floodplain, steppe and forest landscapes. More than 500 species of wild higher plants grow in our region, and many of them can be used as food. However, the problem of using regional wild plants for food has not yet been sufficiently studied.

However, plants serve not only as a direct source of food, but also as a technological raw material for processing traditional food products – to obtain original taste qualities and maximum benefit. With the help of wild plants, you can solve many everyday problems-both at home and in the field conditions.

Keywords: wild plants, technology, raw materials, introduced plants

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          V.T. Sedalishchev

          V.A. Odnokurtsev

10.52301/1684-940X-2021-3-16-27

Ecological features of hibernating animals of Yakutia

Under the influence of environmental factors, in winter-sleeping animals living in extreme winter conditions, a wide range of mechanisms of ecological and physiological adaptations is manifested that ensure the normal course of wintering and the survival of populations of species after its end.We carried out an analysis of our own data and literary sources on ecology and endoparasite infestation in three species of rodents – black-capped marmot, Asian long-tailed ground squirrel, Siberian (Asian) chipmunk, and in a representative of predators– brown bear.Data on the distribution of the listed species of hibernating animals in the territory of Yakutia, their reproduction, nutrition, the extent of infestation by helminths, hibernation, time of bedding and awakening are given. Before going into hibernation, all hibernating animals reduce their diet and resort to hunger strikes. During this period, liquid and solid excrement is excreted from the body and, together with food waste, helminths leave or destrobilatethe gastrointestinal tract.

Key words: Yakutia, hibernation, hibernating animals, temperature, helminths, adaptation

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I. M. Abirova, N. J. Eleugalieva, G. K. Zhumagalieva, M. G. Gusmanov

10.52301/1684-940X-2021-3-28-35

Helminthofauna of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and   korsak (Vulpes corsac)

For humans and domestic animals, parasites of wild animals can pose a threat to health, and even life. In this regard, it is important to establish the pathways of circulation of pathogens of dangerous helminthiasis, to identify the nature of the focus and the role of wild animals in this process, since these data serve as the basis for the development of anti-parasite measures.

The study of parasitic organisms of wild animals is of great importance for science and practice. In natural biocenosis, one of their joints is parasitic species, which, on the one hand, are involved in the regulation of the host population; on the other hand, they prevent the introduction and spread of new species related to the host, i.e. participate in ensuring homeostasis of biocenosis.

Parasitizing in various hosts, both definitive and intermediate, helminthes can determine the number and distribution over the territory not only of these hosts, but also of other animal species associated with these hosts by trophic and other connections.

 The foregoing determines the relevance of the problem of studying the fauna of helminthes of wild animals in the West Kazakhstan region, which is currently under-researched.

The species composition of helminthes of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the korsak (Vulpes corsac) in the territory of the West-Kazakhstan region region was explored.

In most cases, the invasion was recorded in an associative form.Some helminthes cause serious diseases in humans and farm animals.

As a result of our research, we identified 6 species of intestinal helminthes in the common fox, two of which (Alveococcus multilocularis, Toxocara canis) have epidemiological significance. In korsak, 3 types of helminthes were identified at the autopsy before the species.

Key words: helminthes, fox, korsak, predatory mammals, invasion.

Z.Z. Sayakova, A.A. Bashmakova, I.G. Kozulina, I.B. Mellatova

 10.52301/1684-940X-2021-3-36-45

Findings of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say, 1821) (Acari, Ixodidae) in the west of Atyrau region

Blood-sucking ticks are vectors of protozoal, bacterial, viral and rickettsial diseases. The study of ixodes ticks: fauna, ecology, biology is of great importance not only for epidemiology but is also of scientific interest. Changes in natural and climatic conditions, hydrological regime, rapid development of human economic activities lead to the changes in the fauna of invertebrates including ixodid ticks. As they invade new territories ticks may expand their habitats for these dangerous for animals and humans infections. That is why the study of tick fauna, changes in species diversity of ticks and monitoring of their abundance is so important for monitoring of natural foci. The emergence of a new species of ixodid tick Rhipicephalus annulatus, in western Kazakhstan, which began to be registered from 2019 in Kurmangazy district of Atyrau region, bordering the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation and its re-finding in 2020 is a very important fact to assess the epidemiological danger for humans and animals in this territory.

Key words: natural foci, fauna, ixodid ticks, vectors, range, Rhipicephalus annulatus.

K.M. Aubakirova, M.S. Kulataeva, M. Zh. Satkanov, N. S. Sultangereeva, Z. A. Alikulov

10.52301/1684-940X-2021-3-46-52

Prerequisites for the development of biotechnology for the production of environmentally friendly products of aquabioculture

Aquaponics is a hybrid food growing technology that combines the best of aquaculture (growing fish in an artificial aquatic environment and hydroponics (growing plants without soil in an aquatic nutrient environment). It is completely organic because the fish produces natural fertilizers used by the plants, which means no exogenous chemicals. Aquaculture has been around for a long time. Throughout the civilized world, aquaculture is one of the most dynamically developing industries, it is considered as a way to ensure food security and a means to combat poverty. Due to the need to provide the world population with high-quality and healthy fish and vegetable products, aquaponics, which is already one of the fastest growing agricultural and food sectors, has great potential for future development.

Keywords: aquaponics, molybdenum, hydrobiology, aquabioculture, molybdenum enzymes.

V. T. Hayrapetyan, A. J. Minasyan

10.52301/1684-940X-2021-3-53-60

The ecology and distribution of the Indian crested porcupines in the fauna of Artsakh

In the fauna of Artsakh, there is no information on the order of rodents, especially on porcupines, that can give a clear idea of the distribution, ecology and biology of these animals. The data presented in the literature are either fragmentary or outdated and incomplete. Thereby, the results of research carried out by us in the foothill and mountain zones of the Askeran, Martakert, Karvachar and Kashatag regions of Artsakh in the period of 1999-2020 are presented in the article.

The paper discusses the dynamics of the porcupine population, changes and their causes, the habitat of these animals and the distribution of their nests, humidity and temperature in the nests. Particular attention is paid to the types of their daily and seasonal activities, depending on climatic conditions and temperature. The article presents the breeding time of porcupines, the dependence on vertical zoning, the composition of forages and their changes depending on the season.

Key words: Indian crested porcupine, ecology, distribution, abundance, daily activity, vertical zoningof climate, diet.